Production & processing
Gas is gathered and treated before entering the export chain. Feed composition, upstream availability and pipeline access set the starting conditions.
LNG GUIDE
From source to destination.
A practical introduction to the physical chain, the commercial language and the questions behind a better LNG brief.
What is LNG?
Cooling natural gas to around −162°C turns it into a liquid that occupies much less space. Specialised vessels can then move it between markets without a continuous pipeline.
LNG is primarily methane. It differs from LPG, which principally refers to propane and butane.
Read the source →THE PHYSICAL CHAIN
Five links. One connected system.
Liquefaction & storage
Refrigeration converts gas to LNG. Export storage buffers the production and vessel schedules; neither tank volume nor annual capacity alone describes delivery flexibility.
Marine transport
A carrier links origin and destination. Vessel size, loading limits, voyage length and route constraints influence a shipment’s practical configuration.
Regasification & send-out
At destination, LNG is stored and warmed back to gas. Receiving capacity must connect to the downstream pipeline and demand.
Power, industry & other users
Final consumers need reliable delivery at the required specification and time. End-use combustion is a separate part of a full emissions assessment.
Read the commercial language.
Mtpa / mtpa
Million tonnes per annum: a rate of annual mass, distinct from the cubic metres carried on a particular vessel.
FID
Final investment decision: a milestone authorising an investment. It does not mean the facility is operating.
FOB and DES
Free on Board and Delivered Ex Ship describe different delivery arrangements. Cost and risk allocation depend on the actual contract and applicable terms.
MMBtu
One million British thermal units: a unit of energy. Energy per tonne varies with gas composition and heating-value basis.
HHV and LHV
Higher and lower heating value use different conventions for the energy recovered from combustion. Keep the same basis when comparing energy quantities.
Boil-off and heel
Boil-off is vaporised LNG; heel is the retained liquid in a tank. This site’s simple planner excludes both unless you adjust the input volume yourself.
Plain-language orientation, not contract interpretation or operating guidance. Verify specifications with qualified counterparties.
FROM INFORMATION TO UNDERSTANDING
Start with a clearer LNG brief.
Explore the assumptions. Ask the right questions.